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POWERPOINT "KONFLIK SOSIAL MASYARAKAT DAN PENDIDIKAN 1. SRUKTUR KONFLIK SOSIAL MASYARAKAT DAN PENDIDIKAN PROGRAM PASCASARJANA KONSENTRASI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURABAYA JL. Sutorejo No. 59, Surabaya 60113 Jawa Timur-Indonesia.
Lingkungan Sosial dan Budaya - PowerPoint PPT Presentation Description Dr. Vanessa Gaffar, MBA Dewi Pancawati N,MM What is Culture? Lack of clear definitions ! Definition 1 a system of values and norms that are shared among a ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation Number of Views1446 Avg rating less Transcript and Presenter's Notes Title Lingkungan Sosial dan Budaya 1Lingkungan Sosial dan BudayaDr. Vanessa Gaffar, MBA Dewi Pancawati N,MM 2What is Culture?Lack of clear definitions ! Definition 1 a system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people Hill, 2000 79 Definition 2 collective programming of mind Hofstede, 1984 21 Values and norms at what level? National, regional, ethnic, and organizational culture Determinants of culture Religion, education, language, and philosophy political, social, economic 3What is Culture?Antropologis dan Sosiologis ways of living, yg dibangun oleh sekelompok manusia dan dialihkan dari satu generasi ke generasi berikutnya, termasuk di dalamnya nilai, gagasan, perilaku, dan simbol yang membentuk manusia baik disadari maupun tidak disadari Geert Hoftsede Pemograman pikiran secara kolektif yang membedakan suatu kelompok dengan kelompok lainnya 4What is Culture?A system of values and norms shared among a group of people and, when taken together, constitute a design for living 5High and Low Context CulturesHigh Context Low ContextInformasi kurang, berdasarkan latar belakang, asosiasi, nilai dasar. Pesan tertuang,secara eksplisit banyak informasiBerdasarkan kpd nilai, posisi, serta tempat seseorang berada Pinjaman berdasarkan kelengakapan dokumen dan jumlah uang yg akan dipinjam Pinjaman berdasarkan atas who you arePerkataan seseorang sifatnya tidak mengikat Perkataan seseorang sifatnya mengikatProses nego sebentar Proses nego yang lama 6High and Low Context CulturesFaktor/Dimensi High Context Low ContextLawyers Kurang penting Sangat pentingA persons word Tidak bisa diharapkan, hrs ada hitam diatas putih Bersifat MengikatTanggungjawab thd kesalahan Berada dlm tahap yg tinggi Berada dlm tahap yg dibawahRuang Orang bebas bernafas IndividualistikWaktu Polychronic MonochronicNegosiasi Lama Panjang CepatTender bersaing Jarang Pada UmumnyaContoh Negara Jepang, Negara Timur Tengah AS, Eropa Timur 7Determinants of CultureCulture norms and value systems 8Social StructureHard to Build Teams IndividualGroup two or more individuals with a shared sense of identityWesternMobile ManagersEntrepreneurshipLack of LoyaltyGroupLack of Entrepreneur- shipNon-mobile ManagersEasternLifetime EmploymentIdentity 9ReligionShared beliefs and rituals concerned with the realm of the sacred Ethical Systems Moral principles or values used to guide and shape behavior Shapes attitudes toward work and entrepreneurship and can affect the cost of doing business 10LanguageAllows people to communicate Structures the way the world is perceived Directs attention to certain features of the world rather than others Helps define culture Promotes separatist tendencies 11Spoken 12Non-spoken LanguageNonverbal cues eyebrows fingers/thumbs hand gestures feet personal space body gesturesForm a circle with fingers to indicate Brazil and Germany - gesture is obscene Japan - it means money France - zero or worthlessImage http// 803001 13Dress as Non-spoken LanguageWASHINGTON, January 27, 2005 Reuters - VP Dick Cheney raised eyebrows while representing the United States at a solemn ceremony remembering the liberation of Auschwitz Between the somber, dark-coated leaders at the outdoor ceremony sat Cheney, resplendent in a olive-drab parka embroidered with his name and featuring a fur-trimmed hood, the laced brown hiking boots, and a knit ski cap reading "Staff 2001" Other leaders at the event marking the 60th anniversary of the death camp's liberation, such as French President Jacques Chirac and Russian President Vladimir Putin, wore dark, formal overcoats and dress shoes or boots "The vice president, however, was dressed in the kind of attire one typically wears to operate a snow blower he looked like an awkward boy amid the well-dressed adults" The Washington Post 14Non-spoken Language in BusinessNonverbal cues closed doors office size conversational distance gift giving acceptable? gift or bribe? 15No Transcript 16Education 17Culture and the WorkplaceFour dimensions include Power distance Individualism versus collectivism Uncertainty avoidance Masculinity versus femininity 18Hofstedes Dimensions 1 of 2Power distance Sejauh mana anggota menerima Distribusi kekuasaan antara individu-individu Large karyawan percaya supervisor benar bahkan ketika mereka salahkaryawan tidak mengambil inisiatif Small Majemen participate style of management kemungkinan akan lebih produktif Individualism versus collectivism Collectivist cultures look after people in exchange for loyalty Individualistic cultures - people look after themselves and their families 19Hofstedes Dimensions 2 of 2Uncertainty avoidance Sejauh mana anggota masyarakat merasa terancam oleh ambiguitas dan enggan mengambil risiko Resiko tinggi-menghindari budaya - karyawan cenderung untuk tinggal dengan perusahaan mereka untuk waktu yang lama Resiko tinggi budaya - karyawan tahan terhadap perubahan organisasi Rendah menghindari risiko budaya - sangat mobile Masculinity versus femininity Masculinity penekanan pada ketegasanperolehan uang dan statuspencapaian penghargaan organisasi terlihat dan simbolis Femininity penekanan pada hubungan orangkepedulian terhadap orang lainkeseluruhan kualitas hidup 20Culture and EthicsDo the right thing Thomas Donaldsons Three Principles Respect for core human values human rights, which determine the absolute moral threshold for all business activities Respect for local tradition The belief that context matters when deciding what is right and what is wrong 21Culture is DynamicCultural Change 22Six Rules of Thumb for Doing Business Across CulturesPersiapan Ketenangan Percaya akan keberhasilan Memahami pentingnya bahasa Menghormati perbedaan budayaImage http// 23Business CultureAn American businessman went to Taiwan to close a deal with the president of a large paper company. Since they were meeting for the first time, they started out with the normal pleasantries such as "How was your trip?" etc. It turned out the American happened to be from Columbus, Ohio, the home of Ohio State University. When the president of the Taiwanese company mentioned that his son was going to this school, the American business person said, "Yes, it's a very good school, let's talk business."